I agree about Stalin and Mao, they were authoritarians who wanted nothing more than resources. I do consider this a symptom of class struggle. A big kid is taking lunch money from a small kid. Britain and France, you had aristocracies and serfdoms being mobilized because a "permanent wartime economy" was an outstanding way to keep such a form of government running smoothly. The Catholics shaped the world into first and third strata and gave Europeans impetus to enslave, yes, ENSLAVE. Somalia has been kept unstable by the west for decades so they don't get in the way of the colonial plunder of the horn (and the rest) of Africa. Roma and Carthage, come on, I don't think you and I are the only ones here who have read the Aenead of Virgil, but I doubt that war was really about Juno and her irrational jealousy. I bet I could link that shit to class struggle easily if I had a better historical source.
if you re-frame "class struggle" to "any conflict or disagreement" then your right, all conflicts between people and nations are "class struggle". but that makes "class struggle" as a classification of conflict.
stalin, mao, marx, lenon, trotsky, mussolini, hitler, pol pot, castro, guverra, idi amin, kim il sung, kohmeni, and all the rest of the Bolshevik Bunch used the dogwhistle of "class struggle" to convince their dupes to take up their red banners and hurl their bodies at the barricades, and when the dust settled, all that changed was the titles of the ruling class. instead of aristocracies and capitalists, the proles were left to the tender mercies of "the party" " the revolutionary islamic council of experts" and the "Dear Leader". not a class struggle, a revolution (in the Full Circle, nothing changes but the players sense)
britain and france were engaged in conflict over territory, resources and thrones, the peasants and yeomanry were used as pawns, but the "struggle" was contained within the single aristocratic "class" while the peasants and commoners were mobilized by loyalty, nationalism and their faith in the divine right of Their King to dominate the other guy's less divinely illuminated overlord. again no "class struggle", only a conflict between members of the same interrelated ruling class.
Catholicism dominated the entire western world for centuries by making themselves the kingmakers, and king breakers,, but the catholic bishops cardinals and popes were all drawn from the same aristocratic class. catholicism was designed to be "The One Ring To Rule Them All", not a proponent of any "class struggle". in fact catholic dogma up till the start of the 20th century was all about knowing your place, and "giving boon service to your liege lord". not a drop of "class struggle", in fact catholicism is the stalwart advocate of class stratification.
Somalia is in turmoil because they have NOTHING any possible stabilizing power could possibly want. they are literal Anarchists trapped in the Anarcho-Shoot-You-In-The-Faceism of real and persistent Anarchy. your "colonialist" commentary only holds true between 1884 and 1969, when the land was a fascist colony (for no their reason then "you gotta have colonies...") which was available for taking by mussolini (socialist, marxist, Anarcho-Faux-Historianist and contemporary of marx and engles) because it had NOTHING anyone wanted, and remained free by virtue of being essentially valueless save as a source of victims for the arab/ottoman slave trade. winning ww1 and ww2 placed britain in the unfortunate position of having to administer this parched and unappealing piece of dirt till they finally found an excuse to push it out the door and into "freedom" under a democratically elected government in 1960.
Somalia then destabilized itself with an abortive islamic/marxist popular uprising in 1969, which was not as popular as advertised. this "glorious revolution" was pushed not by western and european EVIL, but by libya and syria, so they were the good kind of marxist despots. the recently formed constitutional democracy was thrown down, but "The Supreme Revolutionary Party" forgot to read marx's book thoroughly. they were unable to properly "De-Radicalize" the people to force them to accept their good fortune of socialist rule, and they overthrew the military hunta after only 22 years of glorious socialist worker's paradise. 1990 was the beginning of the Anarcho-Paradise so widely praised today, but this Anarcho-Revolution was also not caused by evil western and euopean powers, but by famine, inflation and the high price of Khat. (a locally popular addictive narcotic supplied by kenya. conspiracy theorists, sharpen your pencils...) no western power (or asiatic or arab or even african power) wants somalia, so they get to settle shit themselves, through the traditional means used by Anarcho-Societies through history. they're gonna scuffle till one dog winds up on top, and he gets to be "king" still no "class struggle", just struggle.
rome and carthage fought over the centrally located and strategically vital island of sicily, which happed to be the biggest producer of wheat in the world at the time. again, no "class struggle". it was a war over
WHEAT, resulting in a butthurt feud from which only one city-state empire could survive.
class struggle my ass.