They'd have to be pretty small to fit 12 in that space. You could easily fill a 4x4 with 4 or even 2 plants.
Im in the process of making a smaller veg setup to be more efficient, and with the measurements i took, i wouldnt even be able to fit 12 5 gallon buckets inside a 4x4, thats how little room each plant would have. So im going with at least a 4x8 and they be transferred to the 10x10 before flower.
Im getting fairly close to my switch to flower in my 10x10 and its already getting cramped in there.