Taken from wiki...
Low Pressure Sodium (LPS) Lamps, also known as Sodium oxide (SOX) Lamps, consist of an outer
vacuum envelope of
glass coated with an
infrared reflecting layer of
indium tin oxide, a
semiconductor material that allows the
visible light wavelengths out and keeps the
infrared (heat) back. It has two inner
borosilicate glass U-pipes that hold solid
sodium and a small amount of
neon and
argon gas
Penning mixture to start the gas discharge, so when the lamp is turned on it emits a dim red/pink light to warm the sodium metal and within a few minutes it turns into the common bright
yellow color as the sodium metal
vaporizes. These lamps produce a virtually
monochromatic light averaging at a 589.3
nm wavelength (actually two dominant spectral lines very close together at 589.0 and 589.6 nm). As a result, the colours of objects cannot easily be distinguished since they are seen almost entirely by their reflection of this narrow bandwidth yellow light.
LPS lamps are the most efficient electrically powered light source when measured for
photopic lighting conditionsup to 200
lm/
OpenDNS.
[1] As a result they are widely used for outdoor lighting such as
street lights and
security lighting where color rendition is viewed by many to be less important. LPS lamps are available with
power ratings from 10 W up to 180 W; however, length increases greatly with wattage creating problems for designers.
LPS lamps are more closely related to fluorescent than High Intensity Discharge lamps, since they have a lowpressure, lowintensity discharge source and a linear lamp shape. Also like fluorescents they do not exhibit a bright arc as do other HID lamps; rather they emit a softer luminous glow, resulting in less glare.
Another unique property of LPS lamps is that, unlike other lamp types, they do not decline in lumen output with age. As an example, Mercury Vapor HID lamps become very dull towards the end of their lives, to the point of being ineffective, whilst still drawing their full rated load of electricity. LPS lamps, however, do increase energy usage towards their end of life, which is usually rated around 18,000 hours for modern lamps.