That depends.... if somebody hands me a spliff or a bowl then i don't think there is a chance. If i can see the bud there might be a chance to identify a few strains. But then again, my plant X could be different from another grower's plant X because its soil instead of coco or softer water or whatever. So even with my 30+ years of smelling good and bad weed i don't think there are many strains i could identify from smoking a bowl.
Best chances for me would be: Brick weed, Super lemon haze, 90s Skunk, Bodhi's Dream Lotus.