SoG is a pruning style and growing method that allows you to grow only the top cola of the plant:
In SoG, clones are flowered immediately after they set root, to keep the plants as short as possible. All branching which appears on the lower 1/3 of the plant is removed. This tailoring produces a plant which is best suited to the foliar penetration ability of HPS lighting and also grows only the very top cola, the largest and densest buds a cannabis plant can produce.
Each plant is nothing but a top cola:
This is the usual result I get from 1000HPS in cooltubes, about 1-1.25z/plant.
You can grow SoG in any number of plants, but the per-plant yields are necessarily small. SoG creates a 'sea' of short plants by growing a larger number of smaller than normal plants.
If you have harsh laws on plant numbers in your area, SoG may not be for you. However, it is the most productive means of indoor growing possible.
SoG lends itself to rotating/perpetual harvest ops because there's no veg time given to clones once they've set root- they just go straight in to the flowering area. Methods like SCRoG require that the plants to be flowered are vegged and the stems tied to a screen, meaning a separate veg area is needed if you want a rotating (ie every 2 weeks) harvest.