I think in the current economy it's going to be a matter of consumer demand so reduction's will and are beginning to happen because consumers recognize the issue and refuse to buy certain products. All negotiations have turned to shit because developing nations, who have contributed little in terms of emissions over the past century and currently per-capita will and should not be forced to halt development, and thus quality of life for the populace.
The carbon tax is an absolute joke, put simply it turns pollution into a commodity to be traded on the stock market. So it's pretty much business as usual for the multinationals who can outsource pollution from other states whilst any costs incurred are passed down to you and me.
Primarily we should be focused on decreasing the impact on human civilization, preparing to adapt to an adjusting climate, all debate's about whether or not it's anthropogenic put aside, the effects can already be seen and I think it's a matter of protecting and assisting vulnerable areas in the short-term and building stronger infrastructure in the long-term.
I also think a de-centralized government would see the sort of emissions reductions we need right now.