The Inverse Square Law:
The relationship between light emitted from a point source (bulb) and distance are defined by the inverse square law. This law affirms the the intensity of light changes in inverse proportion to the square of the distance. The equation goes like this: I=L/D^2 Where Intensity=light output divided by distance squared. I'll use my own lights as an example, I have 4 t5 HO lamps at 5000 lumens a piece, in order to solve this equation I must first ADD my lumens together.
4 bulbs X 5000 lumens each = 20,000 lumens!!! Now I am going to plug it,
I=20,000/2^2 (this is applied for a 2x2foot grow area)(2^2 just means it is 2 squared)
squaring the 2^2 will give us 4 total square feet for a 2 foot by 2 foot area.
I=20,000/4
Divide this and voila!
I= 5000 lumens PER SQUARE FOOT. We now have the average lumens per square foot that is provided for the garden, because light spreads I'm sure as we all know.