I can read plenty well, and have the gray matter to understand. If you can refute my comments with facts, staying away from lies, speculation, and hyperbole, by all means do. I will support my position doing just that. Otherwise we all sound like B*B.
I had not expected to have to post this again. But because you asked:
(posted here with credit to the author, Greg Schmid, Attorney at Law)
DEFENDANTS ASSERTION OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL MARIHUANA ACT
MEDICAL PURPOSE AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE AND MOTION TO DISMISS
What You Need To Prove; How and When to Prove It.
Citation of the law: Cite as the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act
Statutory authority to assert defense and presumption: Section 8(a) authorizes assertion of the affirmative defense,
and crates a presumption of validity of the defense where a showing is made as to its elements. Patient and a patient's
primary caregiver, if any, may assert the medical purpose for using marihuana as a defense to any prosecution involving
marihuana, and this defense shall be presumed valid where the evidence shows the elements of the defense. Generally, in
asserting affirmative defenses, defendant has the burden of going forward, with proof by a preponderance of the evidence.
At trial, where the defense has been asserted, and the threshold showing has been made by defendant, the prosecutor must
show, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the legally excusing elements of the defense do not exist.
Statutory authority to bring a motion to dismiss, and mandatory dismissal:
Section 8(b) establishes the statutory authority for a motion to dismiss. A person may assert the medical purpose for
using marihuana in a motion to dismiss, and the charges shall be dismissed following an evidentiary hearing where the
person shows the specified elements of the defense. The showing must prove the elements by a preponderance of the
evidence, and where this showing is made the dismissal is mandatory.
Standing and Scope of the Affirmative defense:
The affirmative defense is available to the following people:
Any patient who demonstrates the patient's medical purpose for using marihuana pursuant to this section; or
Any patient's primary caregiver who demonstrates the patient's medical purpose for using marihuana pursuant
to this section.
The defense applies to the acquisition, possession, cultivation, manufacture, use, delivery, transfer, or transportation of
marihuana or paraphernalia, in these proceedings:
Any prosecution involving marihuana [Section 8(a)]
Any disciplinary action by a business or occupational or professional licensing board or bureau [Section 8©1]; or
Forfeiture of any interest in or right to property. [Section 8©2]
Disqualifications: Section 8(a) provides that the defendant cannot assert the affirmative defense if possessing or engaging
in the use of marijuana was in violation of Section 7(b) of the Act. Section 7(b) lists certain disqualifying criteria that
apply to the Section 8 affirmative defense and to the Acts other more prophylactic immunities for registry participants.
The defense may not be asserted for any of the following:
Smoking marijuana in any public place;
Smoking marijuana on any form of public transportation;
Any use by a person who has no serious or debilitating medical condition;
Any conduct where being under the influence would constitute negligence or professional malpractice per se;
Operating, navigating, or being in actual physical control of any motor vehicle, aircraft, or motorboat while under
the influence of marihuana.
Any use or possession in a school bus;
Any use or possession on the grounds of any preschool, primary, or secondary school;
Any use or possession in any correctional facility;
Elements of the Affirmative Defense (3 prongs):
1. The Gatekeepers Statement [Section 8(a)1]:
A physician (Licensed MD or Osteopath)
has stated that
in the physician's professional opinion
after having completed a full assessment of
the patient's medical history and
patient's current medical condition
which assessment was made in the course of a bona fide physician-patient relationship
that the patient is likely to receive therapeutic or palliative benefit
from the medical use of marihuana
to treat or alleviate
the patient's serious or debilitating medical condition or symptoms of the patient's serious or debilitating medical
condition
2. The Reasonably Necessary Quantity [Section 8(a)2]:
The patient and the patient's primary caregiver, if any, were collectively
in possession of a quantity of marihuana that was
not more than was reasonably necessary
to ensure the uninterrupted availability of marihuana
for the purpose of treating or alleviating
the patient's serious or debilitating medical condition or symptoms of the patient's serious or debilitating medical
condition
3. The Medical Purpose [Section 8(a)3]:
The patient and the patient's primary caregiver, if any,
were engaged in the
acquisition, possession, cultivation, manufacture, use, delivery, transfer, or transportation of marihuana or
paraphernalia relating to the use of marihuana
to treat or alleviate
the patient's serious or debilitating medical condition or symptoms of the patient's serious or debilitating medical
condition.
Methods of Proving the Elements of the Defense at Evidentiary Hearing
Proving the Physicians statement: On the Cheap. It is essential that this defense be presentable without live testimony from the doctor. The court will likely make defendant prove the physician is licensed, and so a certified record should be obtained early to avoid an MRE 902 emergency. Technically the patient can prove that the physician statement was made without hearsay objection, as the fact that the statement was made is the operative fact in question. As the law does not allow a Judge to second guess the physician[s professional opinion in this regard, so the defendant need only prove the statement was made, not whether it was reasonable. However, prosecutor will argue that defendant needs also to prove that the statement was a considered one, and that may not be so easy. The prosecutor will argue that the statute provides the statement must be made after having completed a full assessment of the patient's medical history and patient's current medical condition, and that must being the course of a bona fide physician patient relationship. The defendant can testify on personal knowledge that he was there and observed the complete assessment taking place, and can establish the bona fide relationship, but will the showing be of sufficient weight to pass the preponderance test? Who is a patient to judge what constitutes a full assessment by a doctor? The Patient can testify that the doctor said he completed the full assessment, but if the question of whether that full assessment really took place is in issue, then such testimony would be hearsay because is would be offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted that the full assessment was made. Three solutions present themselves. MRE 803(6) Hearsay exception for regularly kept business records could get written medical reports into evidence to prove the complete assessment occurred, and even the bona fide relationship. This would merely require compliance with MCL 902(11), and the assumption that the doctor wrote it all down. [See MRE 902(11)] Certified records of regularly conducted activity. The original or a duplicate of a record
of regularly conducted business activity that would be admissible under rule 803(6), if accompanied by a w r i t t e n d e c l a r a t i o n u n d e r o a t h b y i t s c u s t o d i a n o r o t h e r q u a li f i e d p e r s o n certifying that
.the record is contemporaneous to the complete assessment, in the course of regular activity, and according to regular practice. Counsel should obtain this affidavit early, as prior notice of the declaration is a condition to self authentication. Of course, if seems obvious but that MRE
803(4) would apply. Statements made for purposes of medical treatment o r m e d i c a l d i a g n o s i s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t r e a t m e n t. Statements made for purposes of medical treatment or medical diagnosis in connection with treatment and describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the inception or general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar as reasonably necessary to such diagnosis and treatment. However, counsel may be confronted with the argument that the rule admits patient statements made to aid in diagnosis, not those of the Doctor made to express the completeness of the doctors assessment. Counsel may simply wish to argue that the element should be interpreted to mean that the statement made language includes the statement that the doctor made a full assessment of the history and current condition. That is, that he has stated, that, in the physician's professional opinion, after having completed a full assessment of the patient's medical history and current medical condition made in the course of a bona fide physician patient relationship, the patient is likely
. In this interpretation, the patients testimony would be admissible to establish the entire element, and sound something like this, He stated he had made a full assessment of my medical history and current condition, and that he had formed a professional opinion
, which was that I was likely to receive therapeutic or palliative benefit from the use of marijuana to (treat or alleviate) my (serious medical condition or debilitating medical condition or symptoms thereof).
The documents I present in the thread
https://www.rollitup.org/michigan-patients/694887-new-activist-funding-plan.html are intended to firmly establish two of the three elements required in proving the affirmative defense beyond a reasonable doubt, which is the courtroom standard to be met.
Then there is this, from the Michigan Supreme Court Opinion in State v Bylsma. It is reiterated in the SC decisions in State v King, State v Kolanek, and State v Koon.
[T]o establish the elements of the affirmative defense in § 8, a defendant need not establish the elements of § 4.Any defendant, regardless
of registration status, who possesses more than 2.5 ounces of usable marijuana or 12 plants not kept in an enclosed, locked facility may satisfy the affirmative defense under § 8. As long as the defendant can establish the elements of the § 8 defense and none of the circumstances in § 7(b) [of the MMMA, MCL 333.26427(b)] exists, that defendant is entitled to the dismissal of criminal charges.
Maybe your two lawyer buddies can chime in here.