Probably NOT. Its not a question of how many months, per se.
Cannabis plants will only start to flower under restricted light conditions. Specifically, they need 10+ hours of uninterrupted darkness per day in order to flower and maintain flowering. If they are outdoors during any part of the year when light times exceed that amount, they either won't flower, or will "unflower" and go back into a growth/vegetative non-flowering mode.
So, if you were to put your plant outside in Februrary, it would immediately start to flower, since you have less than 12 hours per day of light. Then with the approach of spring, the days would get LONGER, and before your plants would be ready (that would be around June), the longer days would make the plants "unflower", or go back into vegetative growth, ruining your harvest.
Now, *IF* you were growing in a greenhouse or other enclosed setting, you could artificially shade the plant for several hours per day in summer, restricting it to 12 hours per day of light and then, yes, you could complete flowering in the summer. But again, most people don't have that ability.
Barring that, once the plant "unflowered" going into the summer, it would then start to flower AGAIN, in maybe August or so, as the days got shorter and the autumn came.
Now here is the issue. Some of these tropical sativa-type plants require fully 16 weeks to flower to ripeness. In most of the USA you'll get frost before December, and that can severely damage your plant, ruining your crop.
Bottom line is, again, unless you live in an area with NO FROST (which does include parts of the South. . .though not all of it), then you probably won't be able to grow these pure Sativa plants to completion in a regular outdoor setting.