Leaves are what grow bud. You are cutting off what makes the fruit. If light is hitting the ground it is wasted.
Leaves don't block light, they use it.
What strain is it? It looks sativa dominant. Sativas take longer to flower.
Yours has just now set flower really good. It should be growing an inch to a few inches a day. That's why it needs nitrogen.
No the one dose of bloom won't hurt I think. Just go back to the veg.
I couldn't begin to tell you when it will.be done.
Be ready for another 8-10 weeks. I know that sounds crazy but there are very few real 8 week strains.
Most everything I grow goes 10-12 weeks. Some sativas went 16+ weeks in flower.
Let the plant tell you when its done, not a calendar. You will be rewarded with good smoke.
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