t12 are good for cloning only
I'd agree that T12 can work for cloning.
But you definitely "can" grow whole plants with them. In fact, in the 70s MOST indoor growing was done with T12 fluorescent lighting. The problem is the tubes are bulky and they're just not that efficient compared to more modern tubes (let alone HID lighting).
If you want to go the "cheap fluorescent" route, you can go with T8s.
CFLs can work too, and are probably preferable to T12s, but its hard to get good reflectors for them, and so in reality, they're not nearly as efficient as the numbers on paper suggest.
Edit:
CFLs are probably the cheapest way to go, at least in terms of STARTUP costs.