Can you? Yes.
"Should you"? I think that's the better question.
To address the above, blueberries are usually purchased as rooted plants grown from cuttings and they definitely can yield fruit the first year, just not very much of it. It takes another 1-2 years in the ground for the plants to develop enough of a root system and size to get a decent yield.
I think it probably possible to grow these successfully indoors, but the fruits do take a long time to mature and you'd probably want to keep pot size small to help prevent the plant from getting too big.
Also, if I remember right, they do better when cross-fertilized with pollen from a different cultivar, though I think in practice this isn't absolutely necessary.