Cannabis Genetic Modification: The basics .
- Thread starter stardustsailor
- Start date
thump easy
Well-Known Member
Your fucken bad to the bone man do you know that!!!!! your fucken smart!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!did you write this??
stardustsailor
Well-Known Member
stardustsailor
Well-Known Member
Bonus :
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=142&ved=0CCQQFjABOIwB&url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_166248_EN_web_INSIGHTS_CANNABIS.pdf&ei=Bo69U57kF8rL0QX12IGwDA&usg=AFQjCNGI2h9Ov_s0mMgrNWOg1k3uLg8oew
Balkan region
The Balkan region accounted for the third largest number of mentions as a source region (2
in the Reitox reports (with Albania, with 14 mentions, ranking first among the Balkan countries). The majority of the mentions refer to cannabis herb (21), and the remainder to cannabis resin. The Balkan region appears to be a significant source of cannabis products to the European markets.
Cannabis resin production was widespread in the Balkan region in the early twentieth century, with Greece reported as a major producer until about 1920, and later Albania and the former Yugoslavia, especially in what is now the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Bouquet, 1950; Clarke, 1998; de Monfreid, 1933). Information on present-day cannabis production and trafficking in the Balkan region is limited. However, it appears that cannabis has been produced on a large scale in Albania for some time, and that most of the production is exported. Over the period 2003–09, Albania was consistently reported as a source country for cannabis products (both herb and resin) by UNODC Member States (UNODC, 2003c, 2004, 2005d, 2006b, 2007b, 2008, 2009b, 2011a). Furthermore, among the Balkan countries, Albania has seized the largest quantities of cannabis herb and the largest number of cannabis plants in recent years, reporting to the UNODC cumulative totals for the period 2005–09 of approximately 27.5 tonnes of cannabis herb and 780 000 individual cannabis plants (UNODC, 2011a). However, it reported no seizures of cannabis resin between 1998 and 2009 (UNODC, 2005c, 2011a).
Large-scale production of cannabis in the south of Albania is thought to have begun at some point in the mid-1990s, with the majority of Albanian produce being exported throughout the Balkan region (UNODC, 2006b). This seems to be confirmed by the Reitox reports, as, other than Italy, most countries reporting Albania as a source are in the Balkans. Based on available information, it appears that most cannabis cultivation in Albania occurs outdoors, with crops hidden in forests and in the mountains (Carpo Regional Project, 2007; Costes et al., 2009). Since 2006, the UNODC has consistently reported Greece and Italy as the primary destination countries for Albanian cannabis, with cannabis produced in the south of Albania reportedly cultivated specifically for export to the Italian markets (Carpo Regional Project, 2007; Costes et al., 2009; UNODC, 2006b). In 2006, the UNODC reported that the increases in Albanian production and export may, in part, be a result of increased law enforcement efforts against cannabis production in Greece. (Yes ,we 're brain fucked-up ! ) The same explanation is given by Bouquet (1950) to explain a shift in cannabis cultivation from Greece to Albania and Yugoslavia after 1920. The UNODC also reports that Albanian cannabis is supplied to Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Sweden (UNODC, 2004, 2005c, 2006b). Another source has reported that cannabis production in Albania is run predominantly by criminal organisations, which export the product to Greece, Italy and unknown destinations (Costes et al., 2009).
To summarise, the Balkan region, and especially Albania, seems to be a significant source of cannabis products used on European markets, but probably more of herb than of resin. However, given the paucity of data on cannabis production in the region, this conclusion remains tentative.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=142&ved=0CCQQFjABOIwB&url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_166248_EN_web_INSIGHTS_CANNABIS.pdf&ei=Bo69U57kF8rL0QX12IGwDA&usg=AFQjCNGI2h9Ov_s0mMgrNWOg1k3uLg8oew
Balkan region
The Balkan region accounted for the third largest number of mentions as a source region (2
in the Reitox reports (with Albania, with 14 mentions, ranking first among the Balkan countries). The majority of the mentions refer to cannabis herb (21), and the remainder to cannabis resin. The Balkan region appears to be a significant source of cannabis products to the European markets.Cannabis resin production was widespread in the Balkan region in the early twentieth century, with Greece reported as a major producer until about 1920, and later Albania and the former Yugoslavia, especially in what is now the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Bouquet, 1950; Clarke, 1998; de Monfreid, 1933). Information on present-day cannabis production and trafficking in the Balkan region is limited. However, it appears that cannabis has been produced on a large scale in Albania for some time, and that most of the production is exported. Over the period 2003–09, Albania was consistently reported as a source country for cannabis products (both herb and resin) by UNODC Member States (UNODC, 2003c, 2004, 2005d, 2006b, 2007b, 2008, 2009b, 2011a). Furthermore, among the Balkan countries, Albania has seized the largest quantities of cannabis herb and the largest number of cannabis plants in recent years, reporting to the UNODC cumulative totals for the period 2005–09 of approximately 27.5 tonnes of cannabis herb and 780 000 individual cannabis plants (UNODC, 2011a). However, it reported no seizures of cannabis resin between 1998 and 2009 (UNODC, 2005c, 2011a).
Large-scale production of cannabis in the south of Albania is thought to have begun at some point in the mid-1990s, with the majority of Albanian produce being exported throughout the Balkan region (UNODC, 2006b). This seems to be confirmed by the Reitox reports, as, other than Italy, most countries reporting Albania as a source are in the Balkans. Based on available information, it appears that most cannabis cultivation in Albania occurs outdoors, with crops hidden in forests and in the mountains (Carpo Regional Project, 2007; Costes et al., 2009). Since 2006, the UNODC has consistently reported Greece and Italy as the primary destination countries for Albanian cannabis, with cannabis produced in the south of Albania reportedly cultivated specifically for export to the Italian markets (Carpo Regional Project, 2007; Costes et al., 2009; UNODC, 2006b). In 2006, the UNODC reported that the increases in Albanian production and export may, in part, be a result of increased law enforcement efforts against cannabis production in Greece. (Yes ,we 're brain fucked-up ! ) The same explanation is given by Bouquet (1950) to explain a shift in cannabis cultivation from Greece to Albania and Yugoslavia after 1920. The UNODC also reports that Albanian cannabis is supplied to Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Sweden (UNODC, 2004, 2005c, 2006b). Another source has reported that cannabis production in Albania is run predominantly by criminal organisations, which export the product to Greece, Italy and unknown destinations (Costes et al., 2009).
To summarise, the Balkan region, and especially Albania, seems to be a significant source of cannabis products used on European markets, but probably more of herb than of resin. However, given the paucity of data on cannabis production in the region, this conclusion remains tentative.
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stardustsailor
Well-Known Member
Lazarat village in Albania ,~20km away from Greek borders.
Population: ~5000
Annual Illegal Cannabis Crop Yields : ~900.000 Kg Dry mj herb material .
Black money 'entering' Albania ,from Greece : Millions of Euros .
Average IQ of ~ 95% of Greek population( myself ,most probably included ) : ~ 70 .
Ten whole units more than apes .
Still believing that mj is the devil's herb ,a hard drug ,a crime whatsoever ..
Before even Medieval Times ..
Yes,at the land of Freedom ,Philosophy,Science and Art ..
A Fascist nation,indeed...
We could have been truly the place once Gods had chosen to live ...
But...
No ...
Chaos ,Kingdom of Corruption and Stupidity ,
soon to be also a toxic waste's ash burial site ...
Zombies ,everywhere ,around ...
Cheers ..
Or ..
Goodbye ,maybe ?
Population: ~5000
Annual Illegal Cannabis Crop Yields : ~900.000 Kg Dry mj herb material .
Black money 'entering' Albania ,from Greece : Millions of Euros .
Average IQ of ~ 95% of Greek population( myself ,most probably included ) : ~ 70 .
Ten whole units more than apes .
Still believing that mj is the devil's herb ,a hard drug ,a crime whatsoever ..
Before even Medieval Times ..
Yes,at the land of Freedom ,Philosophy,Science and Art ..
A Fascist nation,indeed...
We could have been truly the place once Gods had chosen to live ...
But...
No ...
Chaos ,Kingdom of Corruption and Stupidity ,
soon to be also a toxic waste's ash burial site ...
Zombies ,everywhere ,around ...
Cheers ..
Or ..
Goodbye ,maybe ?
CaliWorthington
Well-Known Member
Downloading. That's cool to see a picture of tissue culture on the cover. I know someone who does that. I'm gonna order a tissue culture kit, no more momma plants.
CaliWorthington
Well-Known Member
I am familiar with laminar flow hoods, but don't think it's necessary. I could be wrong, will research.
[edit] I could build or buy a small sterile hood. IMO the expense is worth it, as tissue culture is a better way to preserve and maintain genetics. One of those sterile glove boxes would probably work too.
[edit] I could build or buy a small sterile hood. IMO the expense is worth it, as tissue culture is a better way to preserve and maintain genetics. One of those sterile glove boxes would probably work too.
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mc130p
Well-Known Member
I think you'll only want to actively culture the cells that you're going to be working with. The rest should go to cold storage-under liquid nitrogen probably. Setting up a tissue culture lab is a pain in the butt...I don't know your background, but if it's not in biology, you'll probably have to spend considerable time practicing aseptic techniques, optimizing your growth mediums, and setting up protocols for handing and manipulation of the cells.
SupraSPL
Well-Known Member
Thanks for the link SDS, interesting read. You guys know where I stand on petrochemical fertilizer. When it comes to GMO I am opposed primarily because once it escapes it cannot be undone. The natural mechanisms that exist that allow for the swapping of DNA have existed for billions of years so they are as "safe" as you can get. We are just learning about the power of epigenetics, we are still in school. We should not be making irreversible changes to the environment that supports us when we have no idea what the consequences might be, especially considering our track record of monumental mistakes.
This is one of the many other things that concern me, from the first page: "the only certainty is that cannabis will never be the same"
Chapter 10 attempts to address safety concerns and it implies that since biotech scientists have good intentions it will be all good. It also implies that there are techniques that can be used to reduce the chance of problems with transgenic material polluting the natural genetics in the environment.
Then they make this (ridiculous) argument "stifling cannabis biotechnology and hindering the research efforts to generate genetically modified cannabis leads to a decrease in varieties". Then they claim that Cannabis needs more vigor. Personally I have not noticed much difference in vigor from variety to variety or from geno to geno. A healthy plant in ideal conditions grows very fast. Some need a longer veg but they flower more quickly. others need a longer flower but they veg quickly. It all balances out for the most part. I definitely don't feel the need to spend millions of dollars to peel apart the plant's genetics and tinker with it.
Then they talk about patents. Monsanto sues farmers into bankruptcy for growing crops that have been contaminated with transgenic material, even though the farmer does not want it. Seed savers are put out of business and farmers are forced to either pay Monsanto for their seed or switch to a different crop that has not been tampered, a horrifying outcome.
This author is obviously missing out on the good stuff. "No longer will we just have the cannabis taste with an occasional hint of blueberry. Cannabis consumers might soon have the experience of strawberry, orange, banana, lemon, cherry, or grape. Perhaps even chocolate cannabis might soon be available."
This is one of the many other things that concern me, from the first page: "the only certainty is that cannabis will never be the same"
Chapter 10 attempts to address safety concerns and it implies that since biotech scientists have good intentions it will be all good. It also implies that there are techniques that can be used to reduce the chance of problems with transgenic material polluting the natural genetics in the environment.
Then they make this (ridiculous) argument "stifling cannabis biotechnology and hindering the research efforts to generate genetically modified cannabis leads to a decrease in varieties". Then they claim that Cannabis needs more vigor. Personally I have not noticed much difference in vigor from variety to variety or from geno to geno. A healthy plant in ideal conditions grows very fast. Some need a longer veg but they flower more quickly. others need a longer flower but they veg quickly. It all balances out for the most part. I definitely don't feel the need to spend millions of dollars to peel apart the plant's genetics and tinker with it.
Then they talk about patents. Monsanto sues farmers into bankruptcy for growing crops that have been contaminated with transgenic material, even though the farmer does not want it. Seed savers are put out of business and farmers are forced to either pay Monsanto for their seed or switch to a different crop that has not been tampered, a horrifying outcome.
This author is obviously missing out on the good stuff. "No longer will we just have the cannabis taste with an occasional hint of blueberry. Cannabis consumers might soon have the experience of strawberry, orange, banana, lemon, cherry, or grape. Perhaps even chocolate cannabis might soon be available."
SCARHOLE
Well-Known Member
They said this about shrooms once tell PF made the vermaculite sterilization method.
I have dreamed of trying Dr zwengers work also.
Anyone here have access to get agrobacteria an thc genes pm me.
Then there's air rifle gene guns, but the small gold particles are hard to find
And it's not nearly as effective I hear.
Also there are a few other threads like this here check them out......
gk skunky
Well-Known Member
It can be done but you have to be very careful. I've done it with mycelium cloning succesfully at the house too in the past. But Yeah without a bsc or at the very least making a dead air box it is pretty difficult. That and if you don't already know how to monitor cell density and when it reaches confluence needing to be split off to seed new media you're dead there too.
CaliWorthington
Well-Known Member
This guy is going off with the tissue culture. He does appear to have a hood. So it requires a sterile table to work at, but not necessarily a laboratory with liquid nitrogen. There are other videos showing tissue lab setups, etc...
bicit
Well-Known Member
How else are we to understand the world around us? There is a lot about plants in general we don't understand yet... Every venue should be explored as you never know what will lead us to the next monumental or even paradigm shifting discovery.
churchhaze
Well-Known Member
The main advantage to genetic modification is often overlooked by the anti-GMO zealots, and a lot of the benefits taken for granted.
The reason we know so much about genetic expression is mutant testing. Mutant strains are created, generally replacing a particular gene with something from bacteria to bypass a certain gene expression. This has allowed us to really dig deep into physiology beyond speculation. We know which genes are related to which expressions because those genes were modified in a lab and samples tested for changes in expression.
A common mutant for many species is one that stores too much starch (starch excess). Starch excess mutants had their genes responsible for AGPase regulation (an enzyme that promotes starch production) replaced with a bacteria version of the same gene that bypasses regulation and just pumps out AGPase. This has made it clear how those enzymes actually work rather than just guessing how the plant does it.
Most importantly, these mutants are generally destroyed, and/or can not reproduce properly. They are used for experimentation only.
The reason we know so much about genetic expression is mutant testing. Mutant strains are created, generally replacing a particular gene with something from bacteria to bypass a certain gene expression. This has allowed us to really dig deep into physiology beyond speculation. We know which genes are related to which expressions because those genes were modified in a lab and samples tested for changes in expression.
A common mutant for many species is one that stores too much starch (starch excess). Starch excess mutants had their genes responsible for AGPase regulation (an enzyme that promotes starch production) replaced with a bacteria version of the same gene that bypasses regulation and just pumps out AGPase. This has made it clear how those enzymes actually work rather than just guessing how the plant does it.
Most importantly, these mutants are generally destroyed, and/or can not reproduce properly. They are used for experimentation only.
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SupraSPL
Well-Known Member
Bicit I agree with your point, but our government (us) allowed corporations to release their science experiment into the wild and patent it. Boggles the mind.
CH, one of the main "benefits" is roundup resistance so we can spray Monsanto's weed killer all over the monocrop fields. That allows us to produce industrial quality food (cattle feed) at cheaper prices, which serves to increase the human population generally and in places that cannot support that population naturally. This traps us into needing to create even more, ever cheaper lower quality food whuch IMO leads to poor health and a poor quality of life. All this is happening during a time when resources are becoming more scarce. We are our own worst enemy as usual.
CH, one of the main "benefits" is roundup resistance so we can spray Monsanto's weed killer all over the monocrop fields. That allows us to produce industrial quality food (cattle feed) at cheaper prices, which serves to increase the human population generally and in places that cannot support that population naturally. This traps us into needing to create even more, ever cheaper lower quality food whuch IMO leads to poor health and a poor quality of life. All this is happening during a time when resources are becoming more scarce. We are our own worst enemy as usual.
gk skunky
Well-Known Member
I hear ya. It may sound a bit idiotic to some but if it weren't for laws and regulation and the humanitarian cause I think our burden of food supply could possibly be different. A lot of things in place that just helps prevent morons from meeting Darwin. I know that sounds harsh. Seems like that need to produce more food for more people is possibly considerably due to just transitioning from the old world hunter gather to "civilzed" to becoming more dependent on governing infrastructure. Idk Just one of my odd takes on the world. LOL
