Climate in the 21st Century

cannabineer said:

under a Cabuck a watt! yay

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The further south you are, the less seasonal variations in day length and the more easily and cheaply solar and home storage can meet your home and transport needs. This was 30 panels 1 X 2 meters so you would need a large roof or large tiltable free-standing array at ground level, which is a better choice for Canada since the panels can be tilted seasonally and temporarily set nearly vertically to avoid snow accumulation in winter and it is easier to remove snow and clean the panels.

I think with cheap perovskites coming soon it will drive silicon PV prices even lower and once we have the batteries a lot of people will have private utility companies by the nuts! I think you will see more cooperate and nonprofit grids in the future, this technology disrupts power utility and oil companies by allowing large numbers of consumers independence from both concentrations of power and wealth, they don't have to play, or pay.

DIY-HP-LED said:

The further south you are, the less seasonal variations in day length and the more easily and cheaply solar and home storage can meet your home and transport needs. This was 30 panels 1 X 2 meters so you would need a large roof or large tiltable free-standing array at ground level, which is a better choice for Canada since the panels can be tilted seasonally and temporarily set nearly vertically to avoid snow accumulation in winter and it is easier to remove snow and clean the panels.

I think with cheap perovskites coming soon it will drive silicon PV prices even lower and once we have the batteries a lot of people will have private utility companies by the nuts! I think you will see more cooperate and nonprofit grids in the future, this technology disrupts power utility and oil companies by allowing large numbers of consumers independence from both concentrations of power and wealth, they don't have to play, or pay.

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Perovskites so far have two big drawbacks. Moisture kills them, and the more efficient ones use lead plus some organic amine.

Silicon has drawbacks, but at this time they’re more manageable than the ones perovskites present.

The most promising perovskites use cesium as the counterion. Cesium has become expensive.

cannabineer said:

Perovskites so far have two big drawbacks. Moisture kills them, and the more efficient ones use lead plus some organic amine.

Silicon has drawbacks, but at this time they’re more manageable than the ones perovskites present.

The most promising perovskites use cesium as the counterion. Cesium has become expensive.

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I'm just echoing expert opinion in the field who say they will arrive soon. Problems with lead and durability have been solved, other issues like the use of gold etc have also been addressed. They are going commercial now with service warranties and should drive silicon PV prices lower inside the next decade or less. Tandem cells that use both are also being made commercially now I believe.

DIY-HP-LED said:

I'm just echoing expert opinion in the field who say they will arrive soon. Problems with lead and durability have been solved, other issues like the use of gold etc have also been addressed. They are going commercial now with service warranties and should drive silicon PV prices lower inside the next decade or less. Tandem cells that use both are also being made commercially now I believe.

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I’d like a link

DIY-HP-LED said:

Solar panel efficiency to increase 50% with first ‘miracle’ tandem cells

World’s first commercialisation of perovskite solar cells follows years of breakthroughs with the material

www.independent.co.uk

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what this sunny article does not mention is that theory limits perovskite return to about 34% of incident light.

cannabineer said:

I’d like a link

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I post them back in the thread, articles on replacing silver and getting rid of lead. Maybe not all of them will be lead free, but lead is not a selling point for sure and presents regulatory issues. Durability issues have been resolved a couple of different ways.

Have a peak

cannabineer said:

what this sunny article does not mention is that theory limits perovskite return to about 34% of incident light.

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I posted to show that tandem cells are being commercialized now, a lot of recent practical R&D is yet to be implemented or tested enough though

DIY-HP-LED said:

I post them back in the thread, articles on replacing silver and getting rid of lead. Maybe not all of them will be lead free, but lead is not a selling point for sure and presents regulatory issues. Durability issues have been resolved a couple of different ways.

Have a peak

lead free pervoskites - Google Search

www.google.ca

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they exist, but the leaded ones lead by a mile as per my limited research.

cannabineer said:

I’d like a link

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I posted this promising one a while back

DIY-HP-LED said:

I posted this promising one a while back

Paving the way for lead-free perovskite solar cells

Researchers in Singapore have developed a perovskite solar cell via a new method to synthesize the capping without using lead. The cell is capped with a zinc-based compound and reportedly has a conversion efficiency of 24.1%.

www.pv-magazine.com

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I’ll cheer when they get good reviews on longevity

cannabineer said:

what this sunny article does not mention is that theory limits perovskite return to about 34% of incident light.

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They use blue light and silicon uses red light and they can be made semitransparent, even used on windows and they can be made flexible using cheap fabrication methods. The bluer end of the spectrum is much more energetic than the red end and UV is much more energetic and caused a scientific catastrophe!

cannabineer said:

I’ll cheer when they get good reviews on longevity

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Serious practical recent breakthroughs have been made on that front too.

cannabineer said:

I’ll cheer when they get good reviews on longevity

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Materials science, or Chemistry as it used to be known as! Is a hot field these days with work down to the nano level.

DIY-HP-LED said:

Materials science, or Chemistry as it used to be known as! Is a hot field these days with work down to the nano level.

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Material science is a shared subset between chemistry and engineering. It’s not always a predictable thing, depending less on fact and more on fashion.

cannabineer said:

Material science is a shared subset between chemistry and engineering. It’s not always a predictable thing, depending less on fact and more on fashion.

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It's big from batteries to solar panels and chemistry is getting as much research money as physics used to!

Can You Run a Grid on 100% Wind + Solar? South Australia Shows Us How

9,076 views Oct 17, 2023
Welcome to South Australia, a place where the winds of change are quite literal and the sun doesn’t just warm our homes but also powers them. I recorded this video in beautiful Adelaide when I visited recently, because South Australia is leading the world in several key aspects of the energy transition. South Australia has gone from a coal powered electricity grid with virtually no renewables in 2008 to 70% renewables with zero coal power plants today, a mere 15 years later. And, they’ve done it the hard way, with none of the "easy" clean energy sources (hydro, geothermal, nuclear). They've done it with variable renewables wind and solar.

If you look at any of the large net zero scenarios you will see that the bulk of the future world’s electricity generation is expected to come from wind and solar. It is simply not possible to expand hydro everywhere so that each country can follow Iceland or Norway’s lead. Geothermal, biomass and nuclear each have their own issues with location, scalability and cost standing in their way. So the challenges that South Australia is overcoming as it pushes towards 100% renewable electricity are really blazing a trail that other countries are going to end up following.

So, what does it mean to operate an energy grid dominated by variable renewables and with minimal connections to other grids? What are the challenges and the innovations emerging from such a unique energy ecosystem? Today, we will navigate through these nuances, unravel the intricacies of South Australia’s energy transition, and explore how this region is setting precedents and what it implies for the global energy narrative. Let’s take a look in depth, starting with how South Australia has gotten to where it is today.

I think the battery in your garage charging your EV and, in your basement, running your house and storing your solar power will be sodium based in a decade, both for price and safety reasons. He doesn't mention the home storage market, but I think in a decade it could be large in North America especially in suburban and rural areas. Sodium makes the most sense for home, business and farm energy storage, a lot of base load grid storage might be done by large scale flow, or iron/rust batteries.

Energy storage is the key to using renewables, in 2030 it might cost less the 50 cents a kilowatt for solar, but to store an hour's worth 1kWh will likely cost $40 using a sodium battery that will last 25 or 30 years before degrading to 80% capacity. That's as long as any household appliance like a water heater, furnace or AC usually lasts and as long as the solar panels are rated for, which is also the lifetime of an average roof, about 25 years.

Personally I see so many breakthroughs and so much diversity in the battery field that it is hard to make predictions out to a decade. It does take time to build or convert factories for mass production and an extensive testing phase for EV use at least. As for home storage, cost, safety (insurance) and durability will be the major factors and sodium chemistry will seem to fit the bill for all three in a decade.


How LMFP and Sodium Ion Batteries will Change the Battery Market // 2023, 2025, and 2030

53,507 views Sep 27, 2023
New information has recently been posted on X for LMFP and Sodium Ion battery chemistries. Today we'll use that information to develop roadmaps for every major battery chemistry including LMFP, two Sodium Ion chemistries, LFP, and high nickel . From there, we'll look at how the battery market will evolve from 2023 to 2025 to 2030.

VaSmile said:

an ice sheet is continental fresh water, when it melts it adds fresh water to the ocean causing sea level rise

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Sea level rise?

Like this?