ok so i have several years of experience with residential wiring and am quite knowledgeable on this topic. i have help several fellow growers with there electric problems and questions and iv been told to make a thread so i can help even more people. well....here it is!!!!
so if you have a question or problem with anything electrical send them here!
even if its not electrical ill try and help
a typical house circuit is 120 volts, the amount of power you can draw off one circuit safely is 1440 watts or 12 amps at 120 volts, these circuits are on a 15 amp breaker (or should be), and these circuits should be wired with 14 gauge wire. 100 percent load is 15 amps or 1800 watts but i highly recommend you dont load circuits up to 100%, try to stay below 80% of the load which is the safe limit i mentioned of 1440 watts
you can also access 240 volt circuits in your home from either a stove or dryer outlet (they sell light control boxes that plug right into one of these) i dont recommend you tap into these unless you know what you are doing, use a purchased control box or if you want to build you own control box and are running lots of lights (4Kw+) run a separate line to your control box
if you do your own wiring gauge it correctly
15 amps 14 gauge
20 amps 12 gauge
30 amps 10 gauge
40 amps 8 gauge
60 amps 6/4 gauge
100 amps 2/0 gauge
if its a long run of cable then the cable acts as a resistor and you loose power, so if you are drawing a lot of power (40+ amps) over a long distance i recommend upping the wire size to the next size up
when making your own connections, DONT EVER SPLICE into a random wire behind a wall and leave the connection sitting there, any connections must be made in a junction box that is properly grounded, securely tighten wire nuts (tape them to the wire if you want), tighten all screws well but not too tight as to damage the wire. dont leave anything exposed or loose.
dollar store extension cords are a NO!!! NO!!!
go and buy a heavy duty, GROUNDED (that means it has 3 prongs not 2) extension cord and use that to supply power to your grow room, use a heavy duty power bar connected to your extension to split up the power
let me know if i missed anything, im baked