How to time lights

I want to start plants indoors to later transfer to outdoor growing. What I'm doing is trying to get a second growth going from the plants I grew this summer. I did that years ago, and had quite a few "starts" from it. The only problem was that I gave them 14 hours of light to get the second growth, then when I put the plants outside, they flowered because there wasn't the same amount of hours of light.

So, is it possible to get a second growth using less than 14 hours of light, but more hours than the plants get now (11+ hours)? And how many hours of daylight should there be outdoors before I transfer to outside? Sun doesn't have same brightness in all of the space I am using. And is there any way of mathematically arriving at the actual daylight hours without staying awake before dawn to see the sun rise and hit the spot I'm going to use for plants?

so by the time you get it out there it will be december?
where do you live

Wow That was FAST! I live in California. About 100 mi. NE of San Francisco. I"m figuring just getting the plants to start into 2nd growth will take a month. Then at least another month for successful cloning (til they're ready to be potted)
It's at 122.38 x 38.58 The numbers after the (.) are minutes, not tenths of degrees.