This whole thing is such a B****... , I understand the need for safety, but how is this different in terms of production compare to Tomato and Veg? I don't believe farmers needed to test much of anything after harvesting. Also the need of license for lab to even test this is just another pain in the ass and limit our why of outsourcing.
I know that GC/MS is possibility the best to do the THC and CBD test.
However could someone educate us, what is needed for the other test such as the United States Pharmacopoeia "Total aerobic microbial count, Total yeast and mould count, Bile Tolerant Gram Negative bacteria, E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridia and Candida albicans"
Also the equipment to test for pesticide if needed
Equipment is just one thing.. getting to know how to do it is another issue.
As I mentioned, these tests are pretty standard for all herbal medicine sold in Canada, so the requirements are not that unusual. Unlike tomatoes and such, this product (and most herbals) needs to be dried and processed; if done improperly you can indeed have microbial growth. Some microbes produce extremely toxic compounds (ie. aflatoxin) and can result in serious health issues. This is even more critical if you are selling to medical patients with compromised immune systems, or are otherwise more sensitive to these toxins. Regarding the food system, several crops such as grains or peanuts are constantly screened for various potential problems such as aflatoxin, ergot, etc. I understand why you feel the way you do, but in HCs defense, they are just bringing the regulations in line with other medicinal plant products and there is logic behind these tests.
Regarding what is needed for the tests, the various microbe counts are done using standard plate count techniques. These tests basically entail the tissue to be ground up in a buffer. The solution is then used to generate a series of dilutions which are spread on specific media that select for the microbe(s) of interest. After a specified time of incubation, the number of colony forming units are counted and the total microbe load is back calculated based on the dilutions. These tests require a standard microbiology lab setup including a flow bench, autoclave, incubator, and general lab equipment.
Aflatoxin B is measured by HPLC in the Pharmacopoeias, but I plan on using an ELISA based assay instead. The advantage of the ELISA kit is that it does not tie up the HPLC, and more importantly comes with the standards pre-mixed. Aflatoxins are the most carcinogenic natural compounds known, so we want to avoid handling them as much as possible. The downside is that it requires a microplate reader, which is an additional piece of equipment. However, HPLC of aflatoxins requires post-column derivitization and a different detector than the other tests, so the cost of the microplate reader will likely be offset anyway.
Heavy metals are most often measured using atomic absorption from an acid digestion of the tissue. These are relatively fast, but it involved concentrated acid and such.
Cannabinoids can be measured by GC or HPLC. However, the heating involved in GC analysis alters the chemistry of some of the compounds, so HPLC gives a more accurate analysis of what is in there. That being said, GC can give the required information.
As for getting to know how to do the tests, I think you will need a dedicated lab person with the proper training. I suspect that for most smaller producers, outsourcing would be the way to go. We are planning on offering these tests once we are up and running, but that does very little for people currently applying....