For maximum yield, yes, you do need nutrients. In hydroponics, aeroponics, wick systems, hempy buckets, or any variation thereof, you absolutely must use nutrients.
However, you can grow without nutrients in soil. Whether it will work very well is entirely subjective, and is dependent on the soil you use. Most basic soil mixes contain only the most basic nutrients, and the plant will use them up during the vegetative cycle. It will still work, but you'll get very little for the effort you put in. However, if you carefully make the mix yourself (peat, organic topsoil, a bit of compost perhaps, and some sort of nutritious tea), it's possible you will never need to use nutrients throughout the grow.
Like the other poster said, if you get a nutrient rich commercial soil (a quality brand, mind you) you can get an amazing plant from planting to harvest. I personally recommend FoxFarm products, especially Ocean Forest. It's widely regarded as one of the best soils of its type on earth. "Light Warrior" has much more peat, and is primarily intended for cuttings/veg/hydroponic applications. "Happy Frog" is great, but for the price you might as well go with Ocean Forest. If you can afford it and don't mind a little extra work, I recommend a Light Warrior and Ocean Forest mix.
Like the same poster said, you should probably never use MiracleGro. You can, in fact, successfully grow in MiracleGro, but it is definitely not formulated for cannabis. It's a hassle, and without a method to check ph, it's difficult to adjust. Adding any nutrients into their stuff unless it's very, very old will burn your plants without a doubt. The strong, unbalanced time-released fertilizer they put in there may burn your plants anyway, though.
Lastly, my friend... If you mix your own, great! As far as teas, I recommend SuperTea and Budswel. Compost always helps. But if you decide to go very basic (peat, spaghnum moss, topsoil, etc), you should still find some items to supplement it, because the plants will probably not be what you expect. Read up and look for household items people use.
If you want Budswel, SuperTea, Ocean Forest, Happy Frog, Light Warrior, or the brands the other poster mentioned, go here:
Worm's Way - Gardening Products, Supplies, Service, Support, and Knowledge Base for all your hydroponics, indoor, outdoor and organic gardening needs, year 'round!
Easy, painless and cheap.
Good luck!
~Ethno