people have already explained in this thread that the site at cali used very old obsolete style of turbine that rotates at a much higher speed than modern turbines
not only that but they didnt look into bird migration.
that is no longer the case there are plenty of windy places on the earth that dont have migrating birds on them.
as i said bird protection agencies across america are siding with wind farms. now your telling me they dont actually give a fuck about birds?
this is from the american bird conservancy
ABC's Wind Program
ABC believes that wind energy is a valuable, non-polluting, renewable power source, capable of reducing our reliance on fossil-fuel burning power-plants that damage the environment through greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and other environmental hazards. Wind farms, however, kill birds and bats, thereby raising concerns of a different kind. We all want clean, renewable energy, but we cannot sacrifice large numbers of birds and still consider wind power "green."
Despite the fast pace of development of wind power and its great potential to provide green energy, we must not be in a hurry to get it wrong. Continued close collaboration with industry and strong federal regulation that uses tax breaks for doing the right thing and meaningful fines for doing the wrong thing will be the carrot and stick approach that will ensure the next fifty years are positive for birds at wind farms.
To that extent, ABC is working to make wind energy nationally regulated, either through federal legislation that requires the adoption of the Best Management Practices, or by working with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to finalize siting, mitigation, and enforcement guidelines.
ABC is also working in the following ways to ensure safer production of wind-generated electricity:
- helping to generate research funds to develop maps of important bird areas and migration bottlenecks and place these off limits to wind development
- furthering scientific knowledge that will help minimize and mitigate the collision and habitat impacts of wind turbines on birds and other wildlife
- evaluating prospective wind project sites, and insure development that protects migratory birds and birds of conservation concern from site-specific hazards and habitat loss at important U.S. and international sites (CA, TX, VA, MA, Mexico, Puerto Rico)
- assisting with the development of offshore guidelines and assessments for wind energy projects as well as mitigation plans
- representing birds and wildlife interests as a stakeholder on various government wind energy committees.
this is what they say about bird mortality
B. BIRD MORTALITY
ABCs mission is to conserve wild birds and their habitats in the Americas and our policies, including on wind energy, strive to achieve that mission. As a national leader in science-based, bird conservation policies, ABC is increasingly called upon for information on avian impacts from wind turbines. ABC has spearheaded national efforts to protect birds from mortality at communication towers, on longline fishing hooks, from
pesticides, and from
cats.
ABC has been a leader in estimating the potential impacts of global warming, largely caused by fossil fuel emissions, on birds . ABC also has been a leader in efforts to assemble and evaluate the best data and solutions to avian mortality at wind turbines. ABC helped form a Wind Energy and Birds Steering Committee of scientists, conservationists, and wind energy officials to conduct a rigorous two-day workshop on wind energy and bird and bat impacts and solutions. The workshop, conducted in May 2004, analyzed the best available data on avian mortality and disturbance at wind turbines and
discussed the best data on locating, constructing, and operating wind turbines to prevent/minimize mortality and disturbance to birds and bats . Proceedings will be published and posted at this web site.
Any structure erected, including our homes, may lead to avian mortality. Communication towers kill up to 50 million birds a year; over 90% of the fatalities are neotropical migratory birds . To learn more about bird mortality at communication towers and to view our
Tower Kill Report. Collisions with building glass also kill millions of birds each year.
Wind energy production may affect birds through:
1) Mortality from collisions with the turbine blades, towers, power lines, or with other related structures, and electrocution on power lines;
2) Avoidance of the wind turbines and habitat surrounding them; and
3) Direct habitat impacts from the turbines footprint, roads, power lines, and auxiliary buildings.
Recent U.S. studies indicate that bird mortality at wind turbine projects varies from less than one bird/turbine/year to as high as 7.5 birds/per turbine/year . The latter fatality rate was at Buffalo Mountain, TN, where three wind turbines are in use, each with a 154' diameter, 3-blade rotor mounted on a 213' tall tubular steel tower. A meteorological (met) tower constructed for the Buffalo Mountain wind plant had a mortality rate of 8.1 birds/year.
At the Foote Creek Rim (Wyoming) wind energy facility, average per guyed meteorological tower mortality was approximately 3 times higher than per turbine mortality . Met and communication towers at turbine sites appear to have more fatalities per tower than fatalities per turbine , hence the necessity for keeping these permanent met and communication towers unguyed and unlit.
At the Mountaineer Wind Energy Project in West Virginia, another Appalachian ridgeline wind facility, 44 tall turbines (345') and related structures caused an estimated mortality of 4.80 birds per turbine in 2003. Approximately 211 birds of 24 species were killed at this West Virginia facility. The data from operating wind projects in the East indicate that 80% of avian fatalities are neotropical migratory birds. At the Mountaineer plant, the largest east of the Mississippi, the most common species found was Red-eyed Vireo (63 birds, 30% of all mortalities). The Red-eyed Vireo is also one of the most frequently killed species at communication towers. Over 90% of species found at communication towers are neotropical migratory birds.
The results of a number of recent studies can be accessed at:
http://www.west-inc.com/wind_reports.php. These studies document bird mortality per turbine per year and species composition. For example, the Stateline Wind project on the Oregon/Washington border is one of the worlds largest at 300 Megawatts. The first phase of 399 large operating turbines was assessed at 1.70 bird fatalities/turbine/year, 43% of them Horned Larks, a common year-long resident grassland songbird. Fatality rates at the Foote Creek Rim Wind Project in Wyoming, with 105 large turbines built at 7,600' to 8,000' elevation, was estimated to be 1.75 bird fatalities/turbine/year.
A report for the National Wind Coordinating Committee completed in 2001 examined avian mortality studies at wind turbines (nearly all west of the Mississippi) and
found that the annual estimate of all avian mortality from the 15,000 operational wind turbines in the U.S. was 10,000 to 40,000 birds , about 80% passerines. About 14% of the mortality was House Sparrows, European Starlings, and Rock Pigeons. A more recent publication estimated 20,000 bird fatalities based on the 6,400 MW of capacity generation installed at the end of 2003,
with approximately 9,000 birds killed at the ~4,000 turbines outside of California .
The average number of bird kills per turbine was estimated at 2.1 birds per turbine per year . This equates to 3 birds killed per turbine, per MW per year. Approximately 200 raptor fatalities were estimated nationwide, outside of California. Approximately 700 raptor fatalities occurred in California, many at the Altamont Pass site. Go to:
Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines: A Summary of Existing Studies, W. P. Erickson et al, West, Inc., NWCC, (August 2001).
With more and larger turbines operating, new data suggests that the total number of raptor fatalities has risen, but raptor mortality per turbine at new wind projects is very low. At Altamont Pass, the number of Golden Eagles and other raptors killed continues to be a concern. The location of over 5,400 wind turbines with an abundance of raptors and ground squirrels and other prey has led to the raptor mortality concerns, even though the mean for raptor kills over the years has been estimated between 0.048 and 0.10 per turbine per year. Nearly all of the turbines are small, older generation turbines.
See data published on avian mortality and habitat issues on the National Wind Coordinating Councils
web site and visit the Wildlife Working Group section.
Even though local or regional avian population impacts have not been documented and mortality or habitat disturbance may not directly affect the overall population of an avian species, ABC notes these specific concerns:
1) Mortality or other effects on Endangered Species Act listed species or birds of conservation concern. At least 21 species on the U.S. FWS list of Birds of Conservation Concern have been killed at wind turbines, although only a few mortalities of some of these species have been found at individual wind energy facilities.
2) Local or regional population impacts are of concern. e.g. Golden Eagles, other raptors, prairie grouse, and other grassland breeders.
3) Cumulative impacts on species are of concern, nationally, regionally, and with individual projects, especially large ones.
4) While many wind turbine projects have been rigorously monitored for avian impacts, many have not. Data from the newer wind plants in the East is just starting to be published.
5) Location of wind turbines along ridge tops in the East and offshore may present greater potential threats to birds than some wind projects in other parts of the country; and
6) Rapid growth in wind turbine size (rotor-swept area and height) and an increase in the numbers of turbines may cause increased avian impacts.
Bird and bat mortality is expressed throughout this policy statement as birds or bats/per turbine/per year. As wind energy turbines have become larger and able to produce much greater amounts of electricity per turbine, researchers have begun to express mortality in terms of birds or bats per MW generated per year. Unlike estimates for communication towers, mortality estimates for wind turbines have been adjusted upward from the whole carcasses and carcass parts (e.g., feather spots) that are found. This adjustment is made to account for incomplete searcher efficiency and scavenger/predator carcass removal.
right so wheres your evidence of the "killing fields"?