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Seriously. If you never smoked you should go for a vape. I never smoked tobacco, but there were no vapes in the late 90's when I started using cannabis. I smoked bongs and joints, but never liked it. When my habit got bigger I realized I really don't want to smoke that much. It didn't feel good...

I 'm not sure I follow. I would think a point source radiates in a sphere to all directions.

Wide, but within reason.

Athmospheric scattering is irrelevant in a grow. Distances are much too short for it to have any effect. Wall losses are a thing. I would want to see reflectors on led fixtures.

Go for a vape.

IMO one big advantage of hydro is no medium. I'm sure others have other opinions, but I don't like to waste medium nor do I want to recycle it. Even getting rid of the soil is annoying in an apartment. Using method like DWC you also get loads of great information about your plant by checking the...

@Blue brother it really does feel like a bombardment when multiple people reply, even if noone means it like that.

Wow, i ate a burger and there's a whole page more Kind of, but the single source could spread the evenly (in theory, and not taking counting shadows). What I'm saying is you got a bucketful of water and you pour it in your tent. How thick of a layer of water you get on the floor depends on the...

I think it makes more sense to talk about photons instead of lumen. But, yes, ten times the light is ten times the light. The light is then spread to an area. Changing the area the light lands on changes the intensity (lux/ppfd). If you take the multiple sources further from each other you...

Lux is lumen per area. Like umol/s vs ppfd. The total output of the lamp is one thing and what lands on a given spot is another. It doesn't matter how many sources there are. What matters is how many photons you produce and manage to direct to your grow area.

I think I almost got it, but can you explain a little more?

No idea. That is an interesting question, but my understanding of physics is rudimentary. Edit: apparently short answer is: it goes to the expansion of the universe. Long answer seems a bit complicated...

^has zero to do with "low intensity diodes". All it is different shape light cone due to different size lighting fixture. You can, easily, match hid and led source sizes and the light cone behaves similarly. Most people just don't want intense hps like hot spot. They want uniform light intensity...

Technically not true. Given enough distance photons will lose energy due to redsift caused by expansion of space. Yes, the photon is still "eternal" and will travel for ever until absorbed, but it will lose energy. Completely unrelated to growing in any way ofc :)

Looking nice and healthy as always.

I don't think led is more difficult than hps. I think many growers got used to hps and adapting is difficult. A new grower just learns to grow with led. That said, I found the transfer easy. I went from 600w hps to 315cmh, then one grow using 200w of cobs and then to my 320w boards. The boards...

Yeah, I think a pound might just fit in that space if planned for and executed to perfection. I don't think it would be the way to grow most during a year, but might be possible to do. I'm not going to say whether op can or can not do it. I mean I doubt it, but so what. Goals are good.

About 600umol/s is what you would want. Maybe a bit more if co2 etc, but 600umol/s should pretty much max out the area (1100ppfd). Fitting a pound in 0.56sqm will be difficult.

Doesn't matter if they are high, medium or low power diodes. What matters is the size of the light cone. A large led fixture spills a lot of light and you get losses. It isn't a big deal, because the lights are so close to the tops and often they are in tents. You will have signicant losses if...

Gallon... Something like 2.8€ per litre yesterday... Us gallon is ~3.8l so about 10.7€.... $11.60 gallon.