Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
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Jump to: navigation, search

[TABLE="class: cms_table_infobox"]
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[TH="align: left"]Long title[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Colloquial acronym(s)[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]PPACA, ACA[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Nickname(s)[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]Affordable Care Act, Health Insurance Reform, Healthcare Reform, Obamacare[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Enacted by the[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]111th United States Congress[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Effective[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]March 23, 2010
Most major provisions phased in by January 2014; remaining provisions phased in by 2020[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]Citations[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Public Law[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]111148[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Stat.[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]124 Stat. 119 through 124 Stat. 1025 (906 pages)[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]Legislative history[/TH]
[/TR]
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[TD="colspan: 2, align: center"]
[/TR]
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[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]Major amendments[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2, align: center"]Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010
Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]United States Supreme Court cases[/TH]
[/TR]
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[TD="colspan: 2, align: center"]National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD="colspan: 2, align: right"]
[/TD]
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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA),[SUP][1][/SUP] commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or "Obamacare",[SUP][2][/SUP][SUP][3][/SUP] is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act,[SUP][4][/SUP] it represents the most significant regulatory overhaul of the country's healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.[SUP][5][/SUP]
The ACA aims to increase the quality and affordability of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reduce the costs of healthcare for individuals and the government. It provides a number of mechanismsincluding mandates, subsidies, and insurance exchangesto increase coverage and affordability.[SUP][6][/SUP][SUP][7][/SUP] The law also requires insurance companies to cover all applicants within new minimum standards and offer the same rates regardless of pre-existing conditions or sex.[SUP][8][/SUP][SUP][9][/SUP] Additional reforms aim to reduce costs and improve healthcare outcomes by shifting the system towards quality over quantity through increased competition, regulation, and incentives to streamline the delivery of healthcare. The Congressional Budget Office projected that the ACA will lower both future deficits[SUP][10][/SUP] and Medicare spending.[SUP][11][/SUP]
On June 28, 2012, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of most of the ACA in the case National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. However, the Court held that states cannot be forced to participate in the ACA's Medicaid expansion under penalty of losing their current Medicaid funding.[SUP][12][/SUP][SUP][13][/SUP][SUP][14][/SUP] Since the ruling, the law and its implementation have continued to face challenges in Congress, in federal courts, and from some state governments. Efforts to oppose, undermine, and repeal the legislation have drawn support from prominent conservative advocacy groups, Congressional and many state Republicans, certain small business organizations, and the Tea Party movement.[SUP][15][/SUP]
Overview of provisions
The ACA includes numerous provisions that take effect between 2010 and 2020. Policies issued before 2010 are exempted by a grandfather clause from many of the changes to insurance standards, but they are affected by other provisions.[SUP][17][/SUP][SUP][18][/SUP] Significant reforms are listed below, most of which take effect by January 1, 2014:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act
let's discuss the facts..
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search

[TABLE="class: cms_table_infobox"]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2, align: center"]

[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Long title[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Colloquial acronym(s)[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]PPACA, ACA[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Nickname(s)[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]Affordable Care Act, Health Insurance Reform, Healthcare Reform, Obamacare[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Enacted by the[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]111th United States Congress[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Effective[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]March 23, 2010
Most major provisions phased in by January 2014; remaining provisions phased in by 2020[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]Citations[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Public Law[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]111148[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="align: left"]Stat.[/TH]
[TD="align: left"]124 Stat. 119 through 124 Stat. 1025 (906 pages)[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]Legislative history[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2, align: center"]
- Introduced in the House as the "Service Members Home Ownership Tax Act of 2009" (H.R. 3590) by Charles Rangel (DNY) on September 17, 2009
- Committee consideration by: Ways and Means
- Passed the House on October 8, 2009 (4160)
- Passed the Senate as the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" on December 24, 2009 (6039) with amendment
- House agreed to Senate amendment on March 21, 2010 (219212)
- Signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]Major amendments[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2, align: center"]Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010
Comprehensive 1099 Taxpayer Protection and Repayment of Exchange Subsidy Overpayments Act of 2011[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 2, align: center"]United States Supreme Court cases[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2, align: center"]National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2, align: right"]
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA),[SUP][1][/SUP] commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or "Obamacare",[SUP][2][/SUP][SUP][3][/SUP] is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act,[SUP][4][/SUP] it represents the most significant regulatory overhaul of the country's healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965.[SUP][5][/SUP]
The ACA aims to increase the quality and affordability of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reduce the costs of healthcare for individuals and the government. It provides a number of mechanismsincluding mandates, subsidies, and insurance exchangesto increase coverage and affordability.[SUP][6][/SUP][SUP][7][/SUP] The law also requires insurance companies to cover all applicants within new minimum standards and offer the same rates regardless of pre-existing conditions or sex.[SUP][8][/SUP][SUP][9][/SUP] Additional reforms aim to reduce costs and improve healthcare outcomes by shifting the system towards quality over quantity through increased competition, regulation, and incentives to streamline the delivery of healthcare. The Congressional Budget Office projected that the ACA will lower both future deficits[SUP][10][/SUP] and Medicare spending.[SUP][11][/SUP]
On June 28, 2012, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of most of the ACA in the case National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. However, the Court held that states cannot be forced to participate in the ACA's Medicaid expansion under penalty of losing their current Medicaid funding.[SUP][12][/SUP][SUP][13][/SUP][SUP][14][/SUP] Since the ruling, the law and its implementation have continued to face challenges in Congress, in federal courts, and from some state governments. Efforts to oppose, undermine, and repeal the legislation have drawn support from prominent conservative advocacy groups, Congressional and many state Republicans, certain small business organizations, and the Tea Party movement.[SUP][15][/SUP]
Overview of provisions
The ACA includes numerous provisions that take effect between 2010 and 2020. Policies issued before 2010 are exempted by a grandfather clause from many of the changes to insurance standards, but they are affected by other provisions.[SUP][17][/SUP][SUP][18][/SUP] Significant reforms are listed below, most of which take effect by January 1, 2014:
- Guaranteed issue prohibits insurers from denying coverage to individuals due to pre-existing conditions, and a partial community rating requires insurers to offer the same premium price to all applicants of the same age and geographical location without regard to gender or most pre-existing conditions (excluding tobacco use).[SUP][19][/SUP][SUP][20][/SUP][SUP][21][/SUP]
- Minimum standards for health insurance policies are established.[SUP][22][/SUP][SUP][23][/SUP][SUP][24][/SUP][SUP][25][/SUP][SUP][26][/SUP]
- An individual mandate[SUP][27][/SUP][SUP][28][/SUP] requires all individuals not covered by an employer sponsored health plan, Medicaid, Medicare or other public insurance programs (such as Tricare) to secure an approved private-insurance policy or pay a penalty, unless the applicable individual has a financial hardship or is a member of a recognized religious sect exempted by the Internal Revenue Service.[SUP][29][/SUP] The law includes subsidies to help people with low incomes comply with the mandate.[SUP][30][/SUP]
- Health insurance exchanges will commence operation in every state. Each exchange will serve as an online marketplace where individuals and small businesses can compare policies and buy insurance (with a government subsidy if eligible).[SUP][31][/SUP] In the first year of operation, open enrollment on the exchanges runs from October 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014, and insurance plans purchased by December 15, 2013 will begin coverage on January 1, 2014.[SUP][32][/SUP][SUP][33][/SUP][SUP][34][/SUP][SUP][35][/SUP] In subsequent years, open enrollment will start on October 15 and end on December 7.[SUP][36][/SUP][SUP][37][/SUP][SUP][38][/SUP]
- Low-income individuals and families whose incomes are between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level will receive federal subsidies on a sliding scale if they purchase insurance via an exchange.[SUP][39][/SUP] Those from 133% to 150% of the poverty level will be subsidized such that their premium costs will be 3% to 4% of income.[SUP][40][/SUP] In 2013, the subsidy would apply for incomes up to $45,960 for an individual or $94,200 for a family of four; consumers can choose to receive their tax credits in advance, and the exchange will send the money directly to the insurer every month.[SUP][41][/SUP] Small businesses will also be eligible for subsidies.[SUP][42][/SUP]
- Medicaid eligibility is expanded to include individuals and families with incomes up to 133% of the federal poverty level, including adults without disabilities and without dependent children.[SUP][43][/SUP] The law also provides for a 5% "income disregard", making the effective income eligibility limit for Medicaid 138% of the poverty level.[SUP][44][/SUP] Furthermore, the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollment process is simplified.[SUP][43][/SUP] However, in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, the Supreme Court ruled that states may opt out of the Medicaid expansion, and several have done so.
- Reforms to the Medicare payment system are meant to promote greater efficiency in the healthcare delivery system by restructuring Medicare reimbursements from fee-for-service to bundled payments.[SUP][45][/SUP][SUP][46][/SUP] Under the new payment system, a single payment is paid to a hospital and a physician group for a defined episode of care (such as a hip replacement) rather than individual payments to individual service providers. In addition, the Medicare Part D coverage gap (commonly called the "donut hole") will shrink and be completely closed by January 1, 2020.[SUP][47][/SUP]
- Businesses who employ 50 or more people but do not offer health insurance to their full-time employees will pay a tax penalty if the government has subsidized a full-time employee's healthcare through tax deductions or other means. This is commonly known as the employer mandate.[SUP][48][/SUP][SUP][49][/SUP]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act
let's discuss the facts..